Which style do I use?
Use the style that your professor specifies.
If you are a COB student and your professor lets you choose the style, you may want to choose APA Style (as you are likely to be asked to use APA again in COB classes).
This page gives tips on creating citations for materials you may use in your business classes.
For tips on formatting the layout of your paper in Microsoft Word or Google docs, see this library guide:
APA 7th edition Works Cited Examples - Articles
Articles
Electronic article with DOI (direct object identifier) -
Lau, C. L. L. (2010). A step forward: Ethics education matters! Journal of Business Ethics, 92(4), 565-584. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0173-2
Electronic article with exact URL printed on article (if a doi is not available)
Lanier, C. D. Jr., & Saini, A. (2008). Understanding consumer privacy: A review and future directions. Academy of Marketing Science Review, 12(2), 1-45. https://www.amsreview.org/articles/lanier02-2008.pdf
Article in print form
Ensign, P., & Hebert, L. (2010). How reputation affects knowledge sharing among colleagues. MIT Sloan Management Review, 51(2), 79-81.
APA 7th edition Author Format Tips
Use last name and initials for each author. Separate multiple authors with commas, and use both a comma and an ampersand (&) before the final author's name.
One author:
Kennedy, J. F. (1962).
Two authors:
Smith, A., & Kennedy, J. F. (1960).
Three to twenty authors (3+):
Smith, A., Kennedy, J. F., & Doe, J. (1961).
Smith, A., Kennedy, J. F., Doe, J., Wong, P. L., Fry, B., Jones, K., & Last, A. (1961).
Organization as Author or unsigned dictionary and encyclopedia entries:
American Management Association. (2009).
Encyclopedia of Marketing. (2020).
No Author:
Move the title to the author position and follow with date of publication. Only use "Anonymous" if the work lists an anonymous author.
Brain research needs new ideas. (2011, July 18). Wall Street Journal, p. A12.
For additional APA guidance, try the Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL):
APA 7th ed. Works Cited Examples - Books, eBooks, Reports, etc.
Book
Davenport, T. H., & Jinho, K. (2013). Keeping up with the quants: Your guide to understanding and using analytics. Harvard Business School Press.
AMA Management Handbook chapter
Capon, N. (1994). The product life cycle. In J. J. Hampton (Ed.), AMA Management Handbook (3rd ed., pp. 18-35). Amacom.
Conference Board Report
Levanon, G., Abel, A. L., Li, A., & Rong, C. (April 2021). Job satisfaction 2021: Job satisfaction remains high even in the midst of the pandemic and economic chaos. Retrieved May 19, 2021 from Conference Board Business Knowledge Research database.
Hoover's Company Record in ProQuest
Nike, Inc. (2021, July 1). [company report]. Hoover's Company Records. ProQuest One Business Database.
Mintel Report
Tip: Use the analyst as the author--you can find the analyst on the main page of the report.
Smith, D. (2021, July). Winter holiday shopping - US - 2021. Mintel. https://reports.mintel.com/display/1045727/#
S&P Industry Survey
Scarola, C., & Ko, W. (2021, June). Aerospace & defense [Industry survey]. S&P NetAdvantage. https://www.capitaliq.com
WSJ Article from ProQuest One Business
Weisman, J. (2010, March 23). Parties joust over next steps on health. Wall Street Journal (Eastern ed.), A1.
10-K Report (SEC filing)
McDonald's Corporation. (February 24, 2014). Form 10-K 2013. https://www.sec.gov/edgar/shtml
Web Site
Starbucks Corporation Web Site. (May 8, 2015). Company information. https://starbucks.com/about-us/company-information
Citing Business Databases in APA 7th edition
- Citing Business Databases in APA Format (UNCG)A guide to citing business resources and databases, maintained by the business librarian at University of North Carolina-Greensboro.
APA Style
These links offer advice for using APA Style and have enough information for most student papers.
-
APA 7th ed. Quick Reference GuideCharts detail how to create a reference for a journal article, book, and a book chapter.
-
APA Style Reference ExamplesThis page offers links to example references for common types of materials such as journal articles, magazine articles, books, chapters from edited books, dissertations, etc.
-
APA Style 7th ed. @ Purdue OWLInformation on the format, in-text citations and the reference page for 7th ed. APA research papers. There are also links to archived pages for APA 6th information.
-
APA Style Blog 7th ed.Official blog with posts on common questions about 7th ed APA style.
-
Citation ToolsTools for creating citations and managing references.
-
Microsoft Word / Google Docs: APA Formatting HelpTips for formatting documents in APA style in Microsoft Word or Google Docs.
-
APA Student Paper Setup GuideGuide from APA showing how to set up an APA Style student paper.
-
How to cite ChatGPTHow to cite ChatGPT or other AI models in APA style.
What is a doi ?
DOI stands for Digital Object Identifier. DOIs are used to identify electronic articles and function much like the ISBNs that you are used to for textbooks.
Unlike a web address, the DOI for an article never changes. APA Style recommends that you include a DOI when available.
Where do I find a DOI?
The DOI is often printed on the first page of journal articles--sometimes at the top of the page and sometimes at the bottom. You will recognize it, because it usually is preceded by doi: and the number always starts with 10.
Some articles will not have a DOI, especially non-scholarly articles or older articles.
- Free DOI Look UpEnter citation info to find the DOI for an electronic article, eBook, etc.
Harvard Citation Style
- Harvard Business School Citation Guide"This guide describes the citation conventions that HBS students should use when writing research papers." If your professor allows you to use this style, it can be useful as it gives examples for many types of business documents such as advertisements, annual reports, market research reports, SEC filings, etc. It also includes examples for many business databases.