Images can enrich both classroom teaching and scholarly publications, but it’s important to use them appropriately.
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For scholarly articles, books, or conference proceedings, permissions may be required if you plan to reproduce copyrighted images. This is especially important when publishing with commercial or academic presses.
Images with Creative Commons licenses or in the public domain are usually the safest choices for publication. Be sure to follow the exact license conditions (e.g., attribution, noncommercial, share-alike).
Always credit image creators in your work. A simple attribution includes the creator’s name, title of the work, and license.
How do I seek permission to use a copyright-protected image in a publication?
The University of Michigan Library Copyright Office guide on Obtaining Copyright Permissions provides excellent guidance. If you plan to use copyright-protected works in your published scholarship, start the permissions process as early as possible.
What if I cannot identify the copyright holder of the image?
This is known as an orphan work—a work that is still copyright-protected, but where the copyright holder cannot be identified or located. If you use an orphan work in your published scholarship, you will need to rely on the fair use exemption to use the image legally.
What if the copyright holder doesn’t respond to my request for permission?
A non-response should be treated as a denial of permission.