What is a Literature Review?
A literature review, generally, is a summary and synthesis of existing research on a topic. Most scholarly articles or papers include a literature review to introduce the research question or thesis. But some literature reviews stand alone as individual papers.
There are also different types of review articles that have other purposes; read more below.
If you are asked to write a literature review for an assignment, read the instructions and consult with your instructor to be sure you understand exactly what is expected of the literature review for this assignment.
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The Literature Review: Organizing Your Social Sciences Research Paper - USC LibrariesA good overview including types of literature reviews, ways to organize a literature review, and a recommended process.
Searching
Search relevant library databases and other resources as part of your literature review. Use the sources recommended on these sections of this Arts Management and Administration guide:
Use Key Articles to Find More Sources
Approaches for finding more sources related to key articles. Many library databases offer these features:
- References - look for relevant sources cited in the key article
- Cited By - find more recent sources that cite the key article
- Related Items / Related Articles - finds sources that the database calculates to be related to the key article.
Google Scholar: look for Cited By and Related articles links
Esearch: look for Find Sources Citing This and Find Sources Cited in This arrow icons
Reading Research Articles
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How to Read a Social Science Journal ArticleExplains the structure of a research article and offers tips for reading strategically.
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Notetaking template for reading research articlesCopy this Google Doc template and use it to take organized notes when reading research articles.
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Use a Literature Matrix for Note TakingHow to use a matrix to summarize and synthesize the sources you read. Matrix templates available for Microsoft Word and Excel.
Organizing References
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Citation ToolsZotero and other citation tools are useful for saving and organizing your sources, and also help you create citations and reference lists.
Types of Review Articles
Review articles are generally a kind of secondary source. That is, they are not presenting empirical findings from a single research project. They are, however, original, in the sense that the author is using skill, knowledge and creativity to compile and write something new about the material (books, articles) under review.
There are several kinds of review articles. Book Reviews are a special case, because sometimes they are written by experts but sometimes they are written by journalists or just fans of the book. Typically, a book review describes the main contents of the book, how it relates to existing ideas or works, and gives a judgment as to its value to various readers. Some book reviews are just a paragraph, but the reviews in scholarly journals can be several pages. In Esearch, you can limit search results to book reviews only, or screen book reviews out of the results, by clicking into the left-hand column under Content Type.
Stand-alone Review Articles or Literature Reviews are common in the social sciences. The authors of these articles are experts, usually scholars. The review articles will address a current topic, lay out the main theories or ideas, recent developments in research, and suggest where further research is needed.